Mizmar

What the instrument is

The word mizmar describes any single or double reed wind instrument in Arabic music. In Egypt and the Levant, it usually refers to a conical shawm known as zurna in Turkey. Craftsmen traditionally carve the body from apricot or plum wood. Modern makers sometimes use metal for strength. The instrument measures about thirty to forty centimeters long. It has seven finger holes and one thumb hole for pitch control. A small tube called a bocal connects the reed to the body. This design creates a bright, piercing tone that carries well outside.

How it is played

A mizmar group typically consists of two or three musicians. They play the instrument alongside one or two large double-sided bass drums called tabl baladi. The drums provide a steady beat for the melody. In Egypt, this combination often accompanies belly dancers who greet the bride and groom. The Levant uses a higher-pitched version for zaffes, which are traditional wedding processions. These performances include derbake and daf drums. The music encourages guests to join the dabke line dance common in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine.

Regional names and variations

Different regions use specific names for similar instruments. In Morocco and Algeria, the equivalent tool is called ghaita or rhaita. In Iraq, a related dance called Chobi features similar musical accompaniment. The term zamr also appears in some Levantine countries. These variations share the same basic construction and purpose. They all serve to announce celebrations and energize crowds. The shared heritage links these communities through sound.

How Mizmar is kept

Musicians form a small ensemble with the mizmar and large drums. They lead the wedding procession outdoors. Belly dancers perform alongside them in Egypt. Guests join line dances in the Levant. The music signals the arrival of the couple.

When and where

Played during outdoor wedding processions and reception parties. It marks key moments when the couple enters or dances.

Strongest in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Palestine. Also found in parts of Iraq, Morocco, and Algeria.

What Mizmar means

The loud sound announces joy to the neighborhood. It drives away sadness and invites community participation. The rhythm unites guests in dance.

Who takes part

• Mizmar player: Plays the double reed instrument melody
• Drummer: Keeps time with a large double-sided drum
• Belly dancer: Performs for the couple in Egypt
• Guests: Join the dabke line dance

If you are a guest

Guests stand in circles or lines to watch the performance. They clap along to the drum beat. Many join the dabke dance to celebrate the couple. No special gifts are required for the musicians.

Then and now

Modern versions use metal bodies for durability. The tradition remains strong at rural and urban weddings alike. Younger generations continue to learn the instrument.

On the wedding table

Symbols: The colour red Gold and jewellery

Questions people ask about Mizmar

See also

ZaffaA lively musical procession that marks the start of wedding festivities in Arab culture.DabkeA Levantine line dance performed at weddings to celebrate union and community.UlulationA high-pitched trilling sound made by women to celebrate weddings and share good news across many cultures.TahtibA traditional Egyptian stick-fighting martial art that evolved into a folk dance performed at weddings and celebrations.

Good reading and sources

• Encyclopaedia BritannicaArticle

• Mizmar (instrument) on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• Wikidata recordOpen data

It may contain mistakes. Wedding customs differ from one family, village and community to the next, and the people who keep them know them best. If something is wrong, tell us. Last refreshed 2026-10-05.