Mizuhiki

Origins of the craft

The tradition began in the Asuka period. An envoy from the Sui dynasty brought gifts tied with red and white hemp strings. This style influenced Japanese artisans. They adapted the technique using local materials. Over centuries, the method evolved into a distinct art form. Today, it remains a key part of Japanese ceremonial culture.

Making the cords

Artisans create mizuhiki by twisting washi paper tightly. They then starch the strands to make them stiff. The cords are colored using silk, mylar, or paint. Red and white are standard for weddings. These colors represent happiness and purity. Other colors may be used for funerals or religious events. The process requires precision and patience.

Wedding usage

At weddings, mizuhiki decorates shūgi-bukuro envelopes. Guests place monetary gifts inside these envelopes. The elaborate knots show respect for the couple. The design often features cranes or turtles. These animals symbolize longevity and good luck. The cords are tied in specific patterns. Each pattern carries a unique meaning for the marriage.

How Mizuhiki is kept

Guests prepare gifts for the wedding couple. They place money or presents into special envelopes. Artisans or family members tie mizuhiki cords onto these envelopes. The knots are arranged in auspicious shapes. The decorated envelopes are presented during the reception or before the ceremony. The visual display highlights the generosity of the guests.

When and where

It is used during the betrothal phase and before the wedding day. Gifts are exchanged leading up to the ceremony. The date depends on when guests send their presents.

This custom is practiced throughout Japan. It is especially common in urban areas like Tokyo. The Modern Mizuhiki Association helps preserve the craft there.

What Mizuhiki means

Red and white cords symbolize joy and celebration. Knots representing cranes or turtles wish the couple a long life. The act of tying the knot signifies binding two families together. The stiffness of the cord represents strength in the union.

Who takes part

• Guests: Provide monetary gifts and present decorated envelopes
• Artisans: Create the stiffened paper cords and tie complex knots
• Bride's family: Receive the gifts and acknowledge the guests' generosity

If you are a guest

A guest places cash or a gift into an envelope. They may choose an envelope already decorated with mizuhiki. Alternatively, they might receive one prepared by the hosts. The envelope is handed to the couple or their family during the event.

Then and now

The Modern Mizuhiki Association was founded in Tokyo in 2019. This group works to keep the tradition alive. Younger artisans are learning the ancient techniques. The craft is adapting to modern tastes while keeping its roots.

On the wedding table

Symbols: The colour red The colour white

Questions people ask about Mizuhiki

See also

Blessing ceremony of the Unification ChurchA large-scale marriage rededication or new union ceremony that engrafts couples into a sinless lineage.Shūgi-bukuroThe decorative envelope used to present monetary gifts at Japanese weddings and celebrations.Shinto weddingA Shinto purification ritual featuring sake sharing and kimono attire held at a shrine or venue.ShankhaWhite conch shell bangles worn by Bengali Hindu married women as a symbol of their husband's well-being.

Good reading and sources

• Mizuhiki on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• More photos on Wikimedia CommonsPhotos and video
• Wikidata recordOpen data

It may contain mistakes. Wedding customs differ from one family, village and community to the next, and the people who keep them know them best. If something is wrong, tell us. Last refreshed 2026-10-05.