Same-sex marriage and Judaism

Denominational views

Orthodox Judaism maintains the traditional view that same-sex relationships are forbidden by the Torah. The Orthodox Union in the United States has historically supported constitutional amendments banning same-sex marriage. Despite this consensus, some dissenting voices exist. Rabbi Steven Greenberg argues for new interpretations of halacha that are more accepting. He became the first rabbi to officiate at a legally recognized same-sex wedding in November 2011. Organizations like Eshel help reconcile Orthodox life with homosexuality.

Liberal movement shifts

Reform Judaism has moved toward full affirmation. In 2000, the Central Conference of American Rabbis resolved that same-gender relationships are worthy of Jewish ritual. They support rabbis who choose to officiate while respecting those who do not. Reconstructionist Judaism has supported these marriages since 1992. Conservative Judaism reversed its earlier ban in 2012, allowing commitment ceremonies and later marriage rites. These changes reflect broader social shifts within the Jewish community.

Ritual and language

The rituals used in these weddings often adapt traditional elements. Conservative Judaism provides specific services for same-sex couples but avoids gender-specific terms like kiddushin. Reform prayer books have updated their language. The 2015 Mishkan HaNefesh replaced references to bride and groom with 'couples under the chuppah.' This shift allows for inclusive worship. Hebrew Union College established an institute to educate students on LGBT issues and eliminate homophobia within the community.

Public opinion trends

Support for same-sex marriage is high among many Jews. A 2013 Pew Research survey found that 83% of American Jews favored it. Polls in Israel showed 59% support, including secular and traditional Jews. Haredi Jews remain firmly opposed. Legal challenges have also been part of the landscape. Reform rabbis joined lawsuits against state bans, framing the issue as one of civil rights separate from religious officiation. This legal activism highlights the intersection of faith and civic equality.

How Same-sex marriage and Judaism is kept

A couple seeks a rabbi who supports their union. If they are Reform or Reconstructionist, the rabbi may use traditional marriage liturgy. Conservative rabbis might use specific commitment or marriage guidelines provided by their committee. Orthodox rabbis generally will not officiate. The ceremony often takes place under a chuppah. Rings may be exchanged. The couple makes vows before witnesses. Some communities use updated prayer books that avoid gendered language. Civil registration is handled separately in most places.

When and where

It occurs when a couple decides to marry and finds a supportive rabbi. There is no fixed season. It depends on civil laws and individual rabbinical discretion. Dates are set by the couple and their officiant.

It is most common in the United States, where major Jewish denominations are headquartered. Support exists in Israel and Australia. Urban centers with large Jewish populations see more of these ceremonies. Rural areas may have fewer options due to smaller congregations.

What Same-sex marriage and Judaism means

For supporters, these unions represent the holiness of committed love. They believe Jewish marriage values apply equally to same-gender couples. The chuppah symbolizes a shared home. Vows create a sacred bond. Updating language reflects a commitment to inclusivity. For opponents, traditional definitions remain essential. They view the changes as departures from divine law.

Who takes part

• The couple: Make vows and exchange rings under the chuppah
• The rabbi: Officiates the ceremony if they support same-sex marriage
• Witnesses: Sign the marriage certificate and observe the vows
• Congregation members: Attend the ceremony and offer blessings

If you are a guest

Guests attend the ceremony and celebrate the union. They may stand under the chuppah during the blessing. Guests offer congratulations and support. Attire is typically formal. Gifts follow local customs. Guests respect the specific rituals chosen by the couple and their rabbi.

Then and now

The practice continues to evolve. More rabbis are trained to officiate these weddings. Prayer books have become more inclusive. Legal recognition has expanded in many countries. However, Orthodox communities maintain their traditional stance. Debates continue within all denominations about the balance between tradition and inclusion.

On the wedding table

Symbols: The ring

Questions people ask about Same-sex marriage and Judaism

See also

Same-sex marriage in IsraelLegal recognition for same-sex couples through foreign or online marriages due to the absence of civil marriage in IsraeCelebrancyA profession of secular officiants who create personalised life ceremonies for people outside traditional religious or sUnregistered cohabitation in IsraelLegal recognition for same-sex couples living together without a formal religious or civil wedding ceremony.Nude weddingA ceremony where the couple or guests participate without clothing.

Good reading and sources

• Same-sex marriage and Judaism on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• Wikidata recordOpen data

It may contain mistakes. Wedding customs differ from one family, village and community to the next, and the people who keep them know them best. If something is wrong, tell us. Last refreshed 2026-10-06.