Processional giants and dragons

What the figures represent

The giants serve as living symbols of a town’s history. Some depict historical heroes, while others show mythical creatures. In medieval times, these large figures helped teach biblical stories to people who could not read. Today, they remain central to local identity. Each figure has a unique face and size. The names change by region, such as reus in Flemish areas or gayant in Picardy. They are not static statues but active participants in the festival.

History and origins

The custom began in the fifteenth century. The oldest recorded Belgian giant is Goliath of Nivelles, mentioned in 1457. Belgium hosts nearly one thousand five hundred of these figures. One stands out as the largest in Europe: Jean Turpin of Nieuwpoort, which rises over eleven meters high. The tradition spread from religious processions to secular town festivals. It reflects a deep connection between the community and its past.

Key locations and events

Belgian towns like Mons, Ath, Dendermonde, Mechelen, and Brussels host major festivals featuring these giants. The Ducasse de Mons and Meyboom of Brussels are notable examples. In France, the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region holds more than four hundred fifty giants. Cities such as Douai, Cassel, Hazebrouck, and Steenvoorde parade their own figures. Southern France also participates, with the Pézenas colt and Tarascon’s tarasque representing animal traditions.

Modern recognition and status

UNESCO inscribed the practice on its Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2008. This recognition helps protect the festivals and supports their continuation. The proclamation aims to valorize these popular events. Some traditions, like the Ducasse d'Ath, have faced changes or withdrawals. Despite shifts, the giants remain vital to regional culture. They continue to appear at carnivals and seasonal gatherings across the border regions.

How Processional giants and dragons is kept

Communities build and maintain the giants using wood, papier-mâché, and fabric. Carriers lift the figures onto their shoulders and move them through streets. The giants dance or sway to music during parades. Local groups manage the maintenance and transport. Festivals occur annually, often tied to religious or historical dates. The figures are stored carefully when not in use. Families and volunteers pass down the skills needed to create and operate them.

When and where

The events happen during specific town festivals throughout the year. Dates vary by location, often linked to saints' days or seasonal cycles. Some occur in summer, others in spring or autumn. The timing depends on local tradition rather than a single national calendar.

The practice is strongest in Belgium and northern France. Key areas include Hainaut, Flanders, and Nord-Pas-de-Calais. Towns like Mons, Douai, and Cassel are central hubs. The tradition extends into southern France with animal figures. Urban and rural communities alike keep the custom alive.

What Processional giants and dragons means

The giants embody local pride and historical memory. They connect present generations to medieval ancestors. The figures represent protection, prosperity, and community unity. Carrying them is seen as an act of devotion to the town. The movement of the giants symbolizes life and continuity. They serve as visual anchors for collective identity.

Who takes part

• Carriers: Lift and move the giant through the streets
• Artisans: Build and repair the giant's structure and costume
• Local officials: Organize the festival schedule and permissions
• Musicians: Play music that guides the procession pace
• Spectators: Watch and participate in the festive atmosphere

If you are a guest

Guests watch the procession from sidewalks or designated areas. They may throw confetti or cheer for the figures. Visitors should respect local customs and stay clear of carriers. Photography is often allowed but check local rules. Bringing cash for food stalls is useful.

Then and now

Some festivals have changed or stopped due to funding or safety concerns. The Ducasse d'Ath was withdrawn in 2022. Modern regulations affect how giants are built and moved. Younger generations help maintain the tradition through new techniques. The UNESCO status provides some financial and promotional support.

On the wedding table

Symbols: Horse and carriage

Questions people ask about Processional giants and dragons

See also

Conga lineA long processing line dance that links dancers in single file to a rhythmic drum beat.Viennese waltzThe fast rotary ballroom dance that originated in Austria and defines the traditional waltz.MimounaThe Maghrebi Jewish feast held the day after Passover to welcome leavened bread and good fortune.Globe de mariéeA glass bell jar used in France to hold the bride's bouquet and preserve family memories.

Good reading and sources

• Processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France on WikipediaEncyclopedia
• More photos on Wikimedia CommonsPhotos and video
• Wikidata recordOpen data

It may contain mistakes. Wedding customs differ from one family, village and community to the next, and the people who keep them know them best. If something is wrong, tell us. Last refreshed 2026-10-06.